What are the main upgrading technologies, and how do they compare?
sourced
Water scrubbing is robust and impurity-tolerant but water-intensive; pressure swing adsorption is dry, compact and efficient but sensitive to inlet quality; membranes are compact and chemical-free and now dominate new Indian plants; amine scrubbing gives the highest purity but carries a thermal operating cost. Historically the global installed split ran roughly 35% water scrubbing, 30% PSA and 23% amine.
- Source
- ScienceDirect; BioCycle; Daltech
- sourced
- Traceable to a named source.
- Level
- Practitioner — Operating numbers, ranges and failure modes.
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